94-06: Molybdate Use in Cooling Towers: Impact of the New EPA Sludge Rule and Psychrometrics

94-06: Molybdate Use in Cooling Towers: Impact of the New EPA Sludge Rule and PsychrometricsSodium molybdate is widely used as a corrosion inhibitor in recirculating cooling water systems. Molybdate exhibits comparatively low aquatic toxicity and was therefore apart of the EPA's rationale for limiting chromate use in comfort cooling towers. The EPA's recent final ruling on molybdenum in sludge (40CFR, 503. 13, 2 19 93) is unnecessarily stringent and in conflict with previous EPA rulings. This paper will examine specific concerns over

yet play a key role in the operation of the entire system

With the increasing pressures placed on various chemical plants to limit effluent constituents

some traditional fan manufacturers lobby for having axial impellers integrated into cooling towers tested as complete assembled fans

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More important than solids separation efficiency

• What is the margin of safety of the current chemical treatment program

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This paper reviews five problem solving techniques in order to solve the following problem: "Why are copper corrosion rates as measured by coupon so high in recirculating cooling waters

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Frequent questions include: What test methods should be used to develop scale inhibitor performance data

the major water consumer in an industrial facility are the cooling towers

Understanding how temperature